Attitude of Jordanian youth over violation of others' privacy through social media and web applications: A field study

تعد شبكات التواصل الاجتماعي والتطبيقات الرقمية مثل الفيس بوك واليوتيوب وتطبيق الواتساب مصدرًا رئيسًا في الوقت الراهن للتعرف على أبرز الأحداث ونشر المعلومات، أو إعادة نشرها. وتعتبر إشكالية الحفاظ على خصوصية الأفراد من القضايا النقاشية في الوقت الراهن، خاصة في ظل التطور التقني ومحاولة تقنين استخدام هذه المواقع في بعض الدول. ولذلك، هدف البحث إلى التعرف على دوافع انتهاك خصوصية الآخرين باستخدام شبكات التواصل الاجتماعي والتطبيقات الرقمية، ومواقف الشباب الأردني نحوها. ولتحقيق هدف البحث اعتمد المنهج الوصفي المسحي؛ نظرًا لملاءمته لطبيعة البحث وأهدافه فتكونت العينة من (680) طالبًا وطالبة من جامعات حكومية وخاصة في الأردن، تم اختيارهم عشوائيًّا من المجتمع لتعبئة الاستمارة الإلكترونية. ومن أبرز النتائج التي توصل إليها البحث: 1-بعض أفراد العينة قد مورس بحقهم انتهاك لخصوصيتهم باستخدام شبكات التواصل الاجتماعي أو التطبيقات الرقمية.2-تركزت دوافع الانتهاك بحقهم بين الإساءة للآخرين بقصد تشويه السمعة، ثم قلة الوازع الديني والأخلاقي، ثم الابتزاز المادي والتسلية. 3-أكثر الأساليب التي تم استخدامها في انتهاك الخصوصية تمثلت في استخدام الصور الشخصية 50.3%. 4- ارتفاع نسبة متابعة الشبكات الاجتماعية بين الشباب الجامعي الأردني بنسبة 89.3%. 5-أن ثلث أفراد العينة يتابعون المواقع الاجتماعية من باب تقليدهم للجماعات التي ينتمون إليها. وأوصى البحث بضرورة تفعيل القوانين التي تعاقب المنتهكين، والاهتمام بنشر مفاهيم التربية الإعلامية، وكيفية استخدام الإنترنت ومواقعه وتطبيقاته بصورة أمثل.Social media sites such as Facebook, YouTube and the WhatsApp application are a major source at present to learn about the most important events and use them to publish or re-publish the information. The problem of maintaining the privacy of individuals is one of the issues under discussion at present, especially in light of the technical development and the attempt to legalize the use of these sites in some countries. Therefore, the current study seeks to identify the motives of violating the privacy of others using social networks and applications, while providing solution to this matter from the viewpoint of Jordanian youth. The research adopts descriptive survey approach, given the relevance of this approach to the nature of the study and its objectives. The study sample consisted of (680) male and female students from governmental and private universities in Jordan, who were randomly selected, to fill the electronic questionnaire for the study. The most prominent results of the study are: 1- Some of the Jordanian youth feel that their privacy has been violated by the use of social media; 2-and the motives for violating their rights were between insulting others with the intention to discredit them, then the lack of religious and moral values, material extortion and entertainment; 3-and the most common methods used in violating privacy were using personal photos (50.3%); 4-with a high rate of following social networks among Jordanian university youth by (89.3%); 5-while a third of the respondents admitted that they are following social sites as a way of imitating the groups to which they belong. The study recommended the necessity of activating the laws that punish violators and paying attention to spreading concepts of media education and how to use the Internet, its sites and applications in an optimal way

The credibility of the news on social networking sites among Jordanian journalists

Social Networking Site (SNS) has become an important source of news for journalists in the process of obtaining information and publishing news and articles. Hence, the credibility of the news published on SNS is an important subject for study because journalists are competing with citizens in the dissemination of news. The validity of information on SNS is questionable. The focus of this research is identifying the concept of credibility and the prominent credibility standards that must apply in publishing of news. This study examined the relationship between traditional factors in media, acceptance to use of technology, interactive media, quality of news source, exposure to SNS, and scoop with the credibility of news. The questionnaire was distributed to 375 respondents from 1042 registered journalists in the Jordan Press Association (JPA) using simple random sampling. The data were analyzed using Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) to verify the relationships between the variables. The findings of the study largely support the hypothesized relationships proposed in the study model. The factors used in traditional media, such as journalism ethics, editorial policy rules and laws, demonstrates a positive association with the credibility of news published on SNS to maintain its standards. Reliance on media technology adversely affect the credibility of news. Interactive media and quality of source were found to have a positive relationship with the credibility of news, thus increasing the level of credibility when journalists use SNS as a source of news. The findings have implications for knowledge of theories in understanding the relationship between using SNS as a news source and its credibility. The practical contribution of this study will assist journalists in dealing with news on SNS, in order to develop the best journalism practices, and makes recommendation for future research directions

Journalists' Perceptions towards Employing Artificial Intelligence Techniques in Jordan TV's Newsrooms

The study aimed to reveal the perceptions of journalists towards employing artificial intelligence techniques in Jordan TV's Newsrooms. The study sample consisted of journalists working in Jordan TV's Newsrooms. The field study was applied to a simple random sample of (106) through the questionnaire tool. The study used the descriptive exploratory approach. The study concluded that there is a clear effect of employing artificial intelligence techniques according to the perceptions of journalists in the newsrooms of Jordan Television, and the presence of differences between the responses of the respondents of the journalists in the reasons why the newsrooms of the Jordanian television are not ready to employ artificial intelligence techniques. In addition to the above, the study indicated that there were no statistically significant differences in the other reasons for the lack of readiness, where the values of X2 (Chi-squared) were not a significant. However, journalists in the newsrooms of Jordan Television possessed various skills, including: using social networks for research, publishing news stories, and automated content production programs. Finally, there were no statistically significant differences between journalists in digital media skills, and the X2 values were not significant at the significance level (0.05), with the exception of info graphic production skills

Editorial: Media Content in the Digital Age

IntroductionThe information revolution that the world is experiencing now has caused a huge boom in the media industry and the patterns of information consumption, production, dissemination, and sharing of its contents.The past two decades have witnessed very rapid development in the field of using artificial intelligence technology in various fields, including the use of artificial intelligence in digital media to improve the quality of performance, accelerating its impact and diversifying its content in quantity and quality with the development of the functions of using the Internet in media work, and there have become interrelated groups of technologies Digital is particularly poised to exert a transformative impact on the nature and quality of digital media in the 21st century. Algorithms, artificial intelligence, and big data are supported by the creation of new data-driven digital newsrooms.Opinions differ on the importance or risks of digital technologies in the field of media. Some see them as a threat because the use of writing techniques and automated reports is likely to lead to an additional decline in the media role in light of new policies for media organizations seeking more cost-cutting measures. However, the prevailing positive trend is He believes that the developments of digital technologies in the field of digital media will provide creative media professionals and digital media leaders with an opportunity to reorganize the practice of media work using these emerging technologies that will add greater efficiencies in newsrooms, and improve the skill, efficiency, and quality of media production and the media organization.The current special issue covers the following topics; Digital media technologies and their interactions with traditional media, Artificial intelligence techniques and their impact on the form and content of the media message, Digital media technologies as a mechanism for investigation, scrutiny, and detection of fake news and rumors, Employing mobile journalism and data journalism in the media content industry, The advertising industry and media content marketing in light of digital technologies, Psychological and social effects of applications and tools of the digital age, Influencers and content creators on social media, Employment of social media by media organizations , Legal aspects of digital media content: cybercrime, intellectual property, professional and ethical controls, and hate speech, and Challenges of creating digital media content. Guest Editorial BoardGuest Editors-in-ChiefDr. Amjad Safori, Zarqa University, JordanAssociate Professor in Digital Media and the Dean of the Faculty of Media, Zarqa University, Jordan. Dr. Nik Adzrieman B. Abd Rahman, UUM, MalaysiaAssociate Professor in Communication in the School of Multimedia, Technology Media and Communication, UUM, Malaysia. Dr. Amer Khaled, Zarqa University, JordanAssistant professor in Media and Deputy of Dean - Faculty of Media, Zarqa University, Jordan. Khaled is a specialist in media research and statisticsMembersDr. Khalaf Tahat, Yarmouk University, Jordan and United Arab Emirates University, UAEDr. Mokhtar Elareshi, Sharjah University, UAEDr. Said Salloum, Sharjah University, UAE and University of Salford, UKDr. Marcelle Jwaniat, Yarmouk University, JordanAhmed Makharesh, University of Southern Mississippi, USAShlash Alzyoud, University of Southern Mississippi, US

Why New Media app during the Healthcare Crisis? WhatsApp Based Study

WhatsApp is one of the most popular mobile applications providing instant messaging and ease of access. It uses web-based systems to send and receive texts, calls, and videos and even offers video chat. However, during the current healthcare crisis, WhatsApp's role is comparatively more prominent and needs more consideration. In this context, we conducted this research to examine the factors motivating students to rely more on WhatsApp during the Covid-19 pandemic. Based on the Uses and Gratifications Approach, we adopted a cross-sectional design and gathered data from university students in Islamabad, Pakistan. Findings from n= 302 university-level students affirmed communication (p≥ .000), learning (p≥ .002), Teamwork (p≥ .041), and information sharing (p≥ .000) as the motivating factors behind increased WhatsApp usage (p≥ .011) during the healthcare crisis. Similarly, path analysis results also validated a strong correlation between the variables, further affirming the strength of the proposed conceptual framework. Thus, WhatsApp not only provided ease of communication during Covid-19 but also helped sustain educational activities. Here we recommend more studies to examine other different factors, especially personality factors that can affect one's WhatsApp usage

The Effect of Television and Electronic Advertisements on The Mental Image of Women Among A Group of Female Media Professionals

The study aimed to know the effect of television and electronic advertisements broadcast on Arab television screens and on websites on the mental image formed by a group of female media professionals affiliated with the Arab Media Center about women, by answering the sub-questions of the study, the study adopted the descriptive approach through the study tool, which is the questionnaire designed to answer the questions of the study through the respondents, that consisted of 200 female individuals who watch TV advertisements and follow them on the website, and after filling out the questionnaires, analyzing and interpreting them, the following conclusions were reached, the reasons for the respondent’s viewing of advertisements varied, but the largest percentage 94%, was that they watch advertisements involuntarily while watching TV or electronically presented material. This is what is classified as accidental exposure. The percentage of those who believe that the use of women in advertising greatly distorts the image of women is 66.5%. 91% of respondents agreed that women's rights associations and organizations must exert pressure to preserve the image of women and to educate society about their true role through various media, with a rate of 89.5%, the respondents expressed that they were shy when watching an advertisement that aroused in front of family members. 89% of the respondents believe that the ads that appear on social media and YouTube contain in their content greater freedom, and therefore the size of their distance from Arab values is greater, and in the same percentage came the emphasis on the need for some competent authorities to implement training courses for Arab ad directors to comply with our customs and traditions. The percentage of supporters decreased to 30% for the idea that advertising can only be successful by showing the charms of women, the woman's mind by presenting her as a consumer who does not care and only thinks about her elegance and beauty 30%. The study recommended that if a woman must appear in the advertisement, then this appearance should be appropriate to her reality and reflect the real role of women in society. Women's rights associations and organizations must exert pressure to preserve the image of women and educate society about their true role through the various media

New Media and Crisis Management in Jordan: COVID 19 Perspective

The study aimed at identifying the relationship between the most effective digital media in managing the Corona crisis in Jordan; and the contribution of digital media in managing the (Covid 19) crisis. To achieve the aims of the study, the researcher adopted the quantitative survey method using an electronic questionnaire designed to collect data. It was distributed to an intentional sample of 50 employees (males and females) from the communication and media staff in the Jordanian government institutions. The study concluded that the most effective digital communication technologies in managing the Corona crisis were press conferences (media briefings), press coverage through digital platforms, electronic news, video reports and community initiatives through social media platforms. The results also showed that digital media contributed to managing the Corona crisis in Jordan by relying on effective and organized digital crisis communication, which helped to coordinate efforts with the relevant health and security authorities in the country about the disease developments and the decisions related, besides the immediate responses to inquiries and questions of reviewers and callers about preventive health procedures and measures of safety from the Corona virus. In light of these results, the study recommended that media briefings in crises through digital media should be adopted due to their effectiveness in managing health crises facing countries, as one of the most effective methods of digital communication technologies

The Role of Television Sports Programs in Shaping Awareness of Physical Health among Jordanian University Students

The studys objectives were to ascertain the volume of television sports programming watched by college students in Jordanian universities as well as how these programs influenced their understanding of physical fitness. This was accomplished by using a survey method on 400 students from Yarmouk University and Zarqa University, who made up an equally stratified sample. The findings showed that men watch more television sports programming than women. Additionally, people who regularly exercise tend to watch these programs more than those who do not exercise at all. The results also showed that Yarmouk University students, as opposed to students at Al-Zarqa University, had a greater understanding of physical fitness due to the large part of television sports programs. Additionally, these programs have a more significant impact on influencing students in scientific colleges knowledge of physical health than they do on students in art colleges. Furthermore, compared to people who dont engage in any physical activities, they have a more significant impact on forming this awareness in people who regularly exercise. The findings also showed that the importance of television sports programs in influencing participants awareness of physical health increased with the participants intensity of watching

Illuminating the needs to study journalists’ perspectives and attitudes on the credibility of news on social networking (SNSs) sites

The role of journalists and journalism has progressed into a moredigitalized journalism. Social Networking Sites (SNSs) allow peopleto take part in online activities and remove the barrier for onlineusers to publish and share information at any place at any time.Thisarticle intends to show that credibility of social media is a key factorthat enhance public engagement and communication effectivenessin the digital/social media, and the factors that could affect thecredibility of news from SNSs. Based on the literature review, thisarticle reviews journalists' awareness of SNSs; an understanding ofwhat constitute 'news credibility' is pursued; and finally, this articlecompares SNSs news credibility to traditional media; andjournalists' dependence on SNSs for news content. The reviewsuggested various factors affect the credibility of news from the newmedia, which is linked to journalism work. These include: theinteractive media, technology acceptance, quality of news' source,and the exposure of the media. The review of the literature suggeststhe dire research needs to focus on journalists' perspectives andattitudes towards the new media to ensure credibility of news andjournalism is continuously sustained and improved

Perspectives and attitudes on the credibility of news on Social Networking (SNSS) sites: Urgent need of research work

The role of journalists, and journalism has progressed into a more digitalized journalism. Social Networking Sites (SNSs) allow people to take part in online activities and remove the barrier for online users to publish and share information at any place at any time. Among various social media, this review limits its review scope to SNSs, which have been considered to be the most pertinent social medium used in the field of communication management.This paper intends to show that credibility of social media is the key factor that enhances public engagement and communication effectiveness in the digital/social media.This paper is intended to elicit the factors that could affect the credibility of news from SNSs.Specifically, this article reviews on the needs to study journalist perspectives and attitudes on the credibility of news published on SNSs sites, and found few variables that could affect the credibility of the media and the news, which is linked to journalistic work. These include: the interactive media, technology acceptance, quality of news’ source, and the exposure of the media.The review of the literature suggests the dire research needs to focus on journalists’ perspectives and attitudes towards the new media to ensure credibility of news and journalism is continuously sustained and improved